Revelation of the Torah

Prophet Musa rescued his people, who were persecuted by Pharaoh, and reached the Sinai Peninsula with them. Upon the call of his Lord, he left his brother Harun (Aaron) with his people and went to Mount Tur, where he spoke with his Lord. Almighty Allah (swt) said,“O Moses! I have chosen you over the people with My messages and My words [to you].” (A'raf, 7/144) This meant that Prophet Musa attained two great blessings by receiving revelation and speaking to Allah (swt) without intermediaries. The word "alwah" is mentioned in the verse for the revelation given to Prophet Musa on Mount Tur: “And We wrote for him on the tablets [something] of all things - instruction and explanation for all thing.” (A'raf, 7/145)It is understood that with the word "alwah" (tablets) mentioned here, the part of the Torah revealed to Prophet Musa is meant. However, there is no exact information about how the tablets are. It is stated in the tablets that there is only guidance and mercy for those who fear their Lord. (A'raf, 7/154)  Prophet Musa asked for to take the explanations and instructions with determination and order these to his people to take the best of it. (A'raf, 7/145) 

The word "scripture" is also used for the Torah in the Qur'an. For example, “Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, the scriptures of Abraham and Moses." (A'la, 87/18-19; see also,: Najm, 53/36)In this verse, it stated "scriptures of Moses" means Torah. As a matter of fact, this word was used for the divine book of Islam, the Qur'an. ('Abasa, 80/13; Bayyinah, 98/2)

Islamic scholars are of the opinion that the Torah was revealed all at once. In the verse: “We wrote for him on the tablets [something] of all things - instruction and explanation for all things.”(A'raf, 7/145)Torah revealed in a written way to the Prophet Musa by Allah (swt). In addition, this can be understood from the indirect expressions of some verses in the Qur'an. This issue is mentioned in the Surah Furqan “Those who disbelieve say, "Why was the Qur'an not revealed to him all at once?” (Furqan, 25/32) Because the Meccans know that the Torah was revealed to Prophet Musa, the Gospel to Prophet Isa (Jesus), and the Psalms to Prophet Dawud (David) at once, and they say, "You claim that you are a messenger sent by Allah (swt). So bring the Qur'an to us at once." In another verse, “The People of the Scripture ask you to bring down to them a book from the heaven …”(Nisa, 4/153)also indicates this. This provision should apply to the part of the Torah that was revealed to Prophet Musa. 

According to the Jews, the Torah consists of five books, which are complementary to each other, namely Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Muslims are obliged to believe that Allah (swt) gave Prophet Musa only one book and that it is the Torah. However, it's the reality that the Torah which Allah (swt) sent down is not the same as what we have today.